Driving a Bipolar Stepper Motor with Arduino and ULN2.AGWhile Im getting ready to rip open some 1.DVD RW drives coming to me from an e.Bay seller, I though it would be great to have a testbed for the bipolar stepper motors I will harvest from those.I have a bunch of ULN2.AG Eight Darlington Transistor Arrays with Common Emitters left from past projects and these can sink but unfortunately not source peak loads of 6.A 5.A continuous and are well suited for power application like driving small motors.However, there is a problem with 4 wire bipolar stepper motors they dont have the common points of windings wired to the outside which would be needed for providing the motors with power.See the ULN2.IC ULN2. 80. 1,2.Darlington Array datasheet.Still, it looked to me that it would still be possible to make a small bipolar stepper work by floating the voltage using some 2.Ohm resistors to the motor supply voltage motor you see on the video has 1.Ohm windings, so this was the closest resistor value.Arduino with ULN2.Floppy Drive Stepper Motor Arduino Tutorial' title='Floppy Drive Stepper Motor Arduino Tutorial' />A Driving a small bipolar stepper motor.At first I attempted to use for the motor voltage the same 5.V supplied by Arduino but because of the floating middle point the max voltage across each winding was only 1.V and that was not enough to move the rotor.When the motor supply voltage was increased to 9.V the 9.V battery on the picture, things started working.There is still only 4.V across each winding at any time its energized but it looks enough to make the linear slide move with some force which I hope will be enough for carrying the laser diode housing.Bipolar stepper with Arduino and ULN2.Schematics.Here is the schematic of the whole setup and below is the Arduino sketch.Please note that the resistors needed to be at least 14.W rated but I did not have the 2.Ohm needed for the project and used 18.W ones.They did get noticeably hot, so its not the way to do it in real life.HBridge_CDROM_Diagram.png' alt='Floppy Drive Stepper Motor Arduino Tutorial' title='Floppy Drive Stepper Motor Arduino Tutorial' />Additionally, a better way to drive a 4 wire bipolar motor would be to use the quad half H ICs like SN7.Arduinos official bipolar instructions are based but I thought many hobbyists would appreciate a possibility to make things run using a simpler hookup that ULN chips allow.WSPFjHCUOb4/hqdefault.jpg' alt='Floppy Drive Stepper Motor Arduino Tutorial' title='Floppy Drive Stepper Motor Arduino Tutorial' />Also, one 0.ULN2.AG chip can actually drive two motors, so its pretty much the cheapest way to drive your 4 way bipolar stepper.Please note that another common Darlington Array IC, ULN2.A similarly priced has 7 arrays instead of 8 and therefore can only be used to drive one stepper motor per IC.Driving your 4 wire bipolar stepper via a ULN2.Occasionally you may come across an old stepper motor salvaged from a printer, or an ancient floppy drive.If you are lucky, there will be a part number on the motor.AG is not efficient because youre wasting pretty much the same amount of energy on heating the resistors that float the median voltage point as youre using for rotating the motors rotor but if efficiency is not your immediate concern, you can use this simple hookup with a little bit of programming that takes into consideration the different HIGHLOW levels needed to drive the motor if hooked up this way.In the code that follow below the main principal of driving the motor was changing the state of the ULN2.Pins 1 and 2 represent the winding 1.Pins 3 and 4 represent the winding 2.When 1 is HIGH and 2 is LOW, the voltage across winding 1 is considered positive.When 1 is LOW and 2 is HIGH, the voltage across winding 1 is considered negative.When 1 is HIGH and 2 is HIGH, the voltage across winding 1 is considered zero or winding disabled.This is basically done to conserve motor supply power.It works in exact same way as more logical LOW LOW but LOW LOW will draw current through the respective resistors simply wasteful.The code below is driving the motor in Half Step Sequence.Here is a link to the zip file with the Arduino sketch for the Arduino IDEBPStepperULN2.Driving a bipolar stepper motor with Arduino and a ULN2.Octal High Voltage High Current Darlington Transistor Array.This example code is in the public domain.Based on several.Arduino code samples.Theyre used here to.Pin 2 the number of the misc.Forward.Pin 6 the number of the misc.Backward.Pin 7 the number of the misc.Pin 1.LED pin.Forward. Pin 4 the number of the forward LED pin.Backward.Pin 5 the number of the backward LED pin.Pin.Pin. 2 9. const int motor.Pin.Pin. 4 1. 1. const int motor.Delay1.Variables will change.Forward.State LOW the current state of the forward LED output pin.Backward.State LOW the current state of the forward LED output pin.State the current reading from the misc input pin.Forward.State the current reading from the forward input pin.Backward.State the current reading from the backward input pin.Button.State LOW.Forward.Button. State LOW the previous reading from the input pin.Backward.Button.State LOW the previous reading from the input pin.Forward.Debounce.Time 0 the last time the output pin was toggled.Backward.Debounce.Time 0 the last time the output pin was toggled.Debounce.Time 0 the last time the output pin was toggled.Delay 5.Modebutton. Pin, INPUT.Modebutton.Forward.Pin, INPUT.Modebutton.Backward.Pin, INPUT.Modeled.Forward.Pin, OUTPUT.Modeled. Backward.Pin, OUTPUT.Modemotor. Pin. 1, OUTPUT.Modemotor.Pin. 2, OUTPUT.Modemotor.Pin. 3, OUTPUT.Modemotor.Pin. 4, OUTPUT.Readbutton.Pin. LOW to HIGH, and youve waited.If the switch changed, due to noise or pressing.Button.State. Debounce.Time millis.Debounce.Time debounce.Delay.State reading.LED using the state of the button.Writeled.Pin, button.State.Next time through the loop.Button.State. last.Button.State reading.Forward digital.Readbutton.Forward.Pin. int reading.Backward digital.Readbutton.Backward.Pin. check to see if you just pressed the button.LOW to HIGH, and youve waited.If the switch changed, due to noise or pressing.Backward last.Backward.Button. State.Backward. Debounce.Time millis.Forward last. Forward.Button.State. Forward.Debounce.Time millis.Forward.Debounce.Time debounce.Delay.Forward. State reading.Forward.Forward.Button. State reading.Forward.Backward. Debounce.Time debounce.Delay.Backward. State reading.Backward.Backward.Button. State reading.Backward.Backward. Button.State LOW.Forward.Button. State LOW.LED using the state of the button.Writeled.Pin, button.State.Next time through the loop.Button.State. digital.Writeled.Forward.Pin, HIGH.Writemotor. Pin. HIGH.Writemotor.Pin. 2, LOW.Writemotor.Pin. HIGH.Writemotor.Pin. 4, LOW.Delay.Writemotor.Pin. 1, HIGH.Writemotor. Pin. LOW.Writemotor.Pin. 3, HIGH.Writemotor.Pin. HIGH.Delay. digital.Writemotor.Pin. 1, HIGH.Writemotor. Pin. LOW.Writemotor.Pin. 3, LOW.Writemotor.Pin. HIGH.Delay. digital.Writemotor.Pin. 1, HIGH.Writemotor. Pin. HIGH.Writemotor.Pin. 3, LOW.Writemotor.Pin. HIGH.Delay. digital.Writemotor.Pin. 1, LOW.Writemotor. Pin. HIGH.Writemotor.Pin. 3, LOW.Writemotor.Pin. HIGH.Delay. digital.Writemotor.Pin. 1, LOW.Writemotor. Pin. HIGH.Writemotor.Pin. 3, HIGH.Writemotor.Pin. HIGH.Delay. digital.Writemotor.Pin. 1, LOW.Writemotor. Pin. HIGH.Writemotor.Pin. 3, HIGH.Writemotor.Pin. LOW.Delay. digital.Writemotor.Pin. 1, HIGH.Writemotor. Pin. HIGH.Writemotor.Pin. 3, HIGH.Writemotor.Pin. LOW.Delay. void backward.Writeled.Backward.Pin, HIGH.Writemotor. Pin. HIGH.Writemotor.Pin. 2, HIGH.Writemotor.Pin. HIGH.Writemotor.Pin. 4, LOW.L2. 98.N Pilotare un motore passo passo con Arduino.Ancora L2.N, ancora un altro how to Dopo larticolo in cui ho mostrato come pilotare un motore DC con Arduino e il modulo L2.N, questa volta tocca ai motori passo passo.Se non sai cos il modulo L2.N trovi qualche informazione in pi nell articolo precedente.Update dopo varie prove ed esperimenti, abbiamo capito che anche se fattibile, pilotare un motore passo passo con un modulo L2.N non la cosa ideale a causa di problemi di surriscaldamento e assorbimento di corrente.Dai unocchiata agli altri miei articoli dove spiego come utilizzare i driver appositi.Per quanto riguarda il motore passo passo, potreidovrei dilungarmi molto nelle spiegazioni, ma lo scopo di questo articolo non questo, quindi una breve citazione da Wikipedia per dire che Il motore passo passo spesso chiamato anche step o stepper un motore elettrico sincrono in corrente continua senza spazzole che pu suddividere la propria rotazione in un grande numero di passi step.La posizione del motore pu essere controllata accuratamente senza dover ricorrere al controllo ad anello chiuso feedback se la taglia ed il tipo di motore sono scelti in modo adeguato allapplicazione.Tuttavia ultimamente vengono spesso sostituiti da motori brushless o da attuatori voice coil per le applicazioni di fascia alta.In base al tipo ed alle caratteristiche del motore i prezzi possono variare dalle poche decine di euro alle centinaia se non alle migliaia.Motori a costo zero possono essere riciclati in casa da stampanti, scanner, lettori floppy, lettori CDDVDPer lesperimento di oggi il motore da utilizzare deve rispettare i requisiti tecnici del modulo L2.N, cio non assorbire pi di 2.A per fase e non necessitare pi di 3.Volt di alimentazione, questi i limiti fisici del modulo.Tornando al motore, una delle caratteristiche principali sono gli Step per giro, cio il numero di spostamenti step che effettua il rotore per compiere un giro completo.Pi alto questo numero pi il motore accurato.Altre caratteristiche importanti riguardano la forza esercitata durante la rotazione, la forza durante la fase di arresto e mantenimento della posizione, ma per adesso non ci interessano.Il mio motore stato prelevato da una stampante multifunzione, per lesattezza dal suo scanner, come numero di step 9.Ricordiamoci del particolare del numero degli step in quanto un parametro fondamentale per utilizzare la libreria Stepper di Arduino.La prima cosa da fare quindi trovare il datasheet del proprio motore, questo il mio.In alcuni casi, i produttori non specificano il numero di step per giro chiamiamola pure risoluzione del motore, ma specificano invece lo Step Angle, che in sostanza il numero di gradi compiuti dal rotore del motore in un singolo step.Avendo questa informazione basta dividere 3.Step Angle e scoprire quanti sono gli Step per giro.Nel mio caso lo Step Angle di 3.Step per giro.Lo schema.Rapidamente uno sguardo allo schema dei collegamenti Schema dei collegamenti.I colori utilizzati nello schema rispecchiano quelli del video a fondo pagina.In questo esempio stata utilizzata una funzione del modulo L2.N discussa nellarticolo precedente, e cio la capacit del modulo di fornire in uscita una tensione stabilizzata a 5 Volt quando questo alimentato a 1.Volt.Questa tensione di uscita stata impiegata per alimentare Arduino.Altra differenza dallo scorso articolo incentrata sui pin Enable del modulo L2.N.In questo caso sono stati utilizzati due jumper per impostare lo stato Enable a true in sostanza gli viene mandato un valore alto di tensione e non vengono utilizzati quindi per regolare la velocit del motore.Connessioni del motore passo passo.Come capire lordine di connessione dei cavi del motore Trattandosi di un motore bipolare i cavi che lo alimentano e controllano sono quattro, ma per poterlo utilizzare vanno identificate le coppie giuste.Se possediamo il datasheet, siamo a cavallo, viceversa ci tocca ingegnarci Il metodo semplice.Guardando limmagine di seguito, possiamo vedere a grandi linee come sono collegati internamente questi quattro fili, quindi armandoci di tester, posizionato in funzione test continuit, baster cercare quali sono le coppie di cavi che forniscono una certa resistenza, e che quindi fanno parte dello stesso avvolgimento.Principio delle connessioni.Una volta scoperte le coppie basta collegarle alle uscite Output A e Output B del modulo L2.N.Pinout L2. 98.NContinuando con la descrizione dei collegamenti, passiamo alla parte del controllo, quindi le connessioni tra Arduino e il modulo L2.N pin IN1 al pin 1.IN2 al pin 1.IN3 al pin 9 e IN4 al pin 8.Ricordiamoci di posizionare dei jumper sui pin EN A e EN B del modulo.Terminiamo il montaggio con lalimentazione.Per comodit io uso un alimentatore da banco, ma nello schema viene riportata una batteria, in ogni caso, colleghiamo il polo positivo allingresso 1.V del modulo, il negativo alla massa GND e per alimentare Arduino sfruttiamo luscita 5.V del modulo collegandola al pin Vin.Sempre da Arduino facciamo partire un cavetto che colleghi la sua massa con quella del modulo.Upload del codice.Una volta terminata la fase di montaggio ora di passare al codice.Come sempre rimando alla spiegazione dello stesso nei commenti a corredo.Se qualcosa non ti chiaro utilizza la zona commenti a fine pagina L2.N pilotare un motore passo passo con Arduino.In questo esempio vediamo come sfruttare la libreria Stepper.Obbietivo muovere ripetutamente il motore da 0 a 1.Nel post correlato viene mostrato come interfacciare Arduino.L2.N. Autore Andrea Lombardo.Web http www.Post http bit.L2.N ARDUINO MOTOREPASSOPASSO.Git https github.Andrea.LombardoArduino L2.N Motore Passo Passo.Stepper.Informo il programma su quanti sono gli step impiegati.In alcuni datasheet come nel mio caso non e specificato il numero di step del motore.Step angle.Avendo queste informazioni, basta dividere 3.Step angle.E evidente che piu alto e il numero degli step, piu accurato sara il movimento del motore.Motore 9.Motore diviso 2. Da.Percorrere step.Motore2.L2. N. int static IN1 1.IN2 1.IN3 9.IN4 8. Istanzio un oggetto Stepper che rappresentera il mio motore.The Developing Person By Berger 8Th Edition '>The Developing Person By Berger 8Th Edition .Stepper mio. Motorestep.Motore, IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4.Motore.Speed4.Motore. stepstep.Da.Percorrere. attendo 5.Motore.Da. Percorrere. attendo altri 5.Questa volta possibile scollegare lArduino dal pc dopo aver caricato il programma, in quanto Arduino sar alimentato dal modulo L2.N.Come sempre. Assicurati che tutti i collegamenti siano corretti Ricordati di impostare la porta COM del tuo Arduino Utilizza le tensioni corrette E ricorda che io non mi assumo nessuna responsabilit per eventuali danni o disastri che causi Prodotti Amazon.Descrizione Girare per Lordine del potere AB BC CD DA, dal lato albero vedere CW Corrente nominale monofase 1.A DC Tensione nominale 3.V Angolo di Stepping 1.Specifiche tecniche Condizioni di esercizio Ambiente Temperatura 2.RH 9.MAX Posizione di montaggio Asse installazione orizzontale o verticale A corrente continua la resistenza degli avvolgimenti 2.Wnding induttanza 3m.H 2.Cogging 1.N. m REF.Coppia di mantenimento 3.N.Max. Max.Frequenza esecuzione 8.Aumento di temperatura Passo Precisione angolo 1.Linerzia rotante 3.Motore Peso 0.PC RIF. Resistenza di isolamento resistenza di isolamento freddo dovrebbe essere piu di 1.Rigidita dielettrica Lo spazio tra il nucleo dello statore del motore e terminale deve essere in grado di sopportare AC6.V 1s senza rompersi.La corrente di dispersione minore di 1 m.A.Il pacchetto include Stampante 2 Fase 4 fili 1 X Nema 1.D motore passo a passo 1,8 per 1.HD3. What Is Real Id Drivers License .
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